the Communist Party’s substantial practices of criticism and self-criticism; and rigorous rule-of-law procedures. In terms of mass line supervision and the pervasive role of consultative democracy, Zhou Enlai had already pointed out in 1957 that the exercise of state power has the not insignificant risk of becoming divorced from the masses and becoming “dizzy with success.” The best solution: supervision by the masses: “without the people, what can the Communist Party do? … If you do right, the people will support you. If you do wrong, the people will not support you” (Zhou 1957, 348–349). Or as Xi Jinping puts it in the speech under consideration, the inescapable need is for the people to “supervise power [监督权利 jiandu quanli]” and that power should function “in the sunshine [在阳光下 zai yangguang xia]” or transparently (Xi 2022b, 3)
the only thing even close to stating a power over the government inherent in the people is the above. it simply states a mandate that the people should observe the government and the government should be transparent. everything else mentions how they put up quotes and aspire to work towards bettering the rule of law at every level and party members should stricktly adhere to the rule of law and goes on to define what their concept of rule of law is.
it in no way describes their process for approving political candidates or whether a candidate needs to be a communist party member or been approved by the communist party. in fact, this seems to do the opposite and suggest that party loyalty is paramount to political success.


“he was and still is a beloved and popular figure whose tenure saw the end of famine in China”
any functioning democracy would have removed that man.